Canine Teeth and Lethal Weapons: 

Was the Fabrication of Wooden Spears and Digging Sticks by Human Ancestors Responsible for the Evolution of Bipedal Locomotion?

When a population of prehistoric apes began to use long, sharpened sticks as lethal weapons, the ability to attack predators and prey from a safe distance gave an advantage to those individuals who could best stand, walk, and run on two legs, leading to a complete redesign of the primate body and the evolution of full upright posture. This work in progress is intended as a scholarly article addressed to a professional audience. 

To read a draft of the scholarly article, click here.

A previously published version of this argument, addressed to the general reader, appears in Chapter 2 of UNBOUND: How Eight Technologies Made Us Human,Transformed Society, and Brought Our World to the Brink. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2015.

To read the relevant excerpt from Chapter 2 of UNBOUND, click here.